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The article examines the intensity of secondary successions of vegetation in abandoned agricultural areas in submountain regions of Crimea. Floristic, age and quantitative range of the «pioneers» species of these phytocenoses’ settlement are identified by conventional forest inventory and geobotanical methods. The research proves the formation of transitional communities consisting of primary forest vegetation and grassy glade complexes with plenty of ruderal species and intensive mosaic grass stand, therefore secondary demutations are under discussion for decades.

Present article presents the Armenian Question during the Conference of San Remo (April of 1920). The Allied Supreme Council discussed the question of a mandate for Armenia and the delimitation of its boundary. The Supreme Council pledged to support Armenia politically, military and financially. The Allied leaders agreed that the Armenian provinces of Erzerum, Van, Bitlis, as well as Trebizond (which would ensure access to the Black Sea) were integral parts of Armenia. The Supreme Council requested, after the consent of Armenian and Turkish sides, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, as a neutral party, to delimit the boundary between Armenia and Turkey. President Wilson agreed and in accordance with international law made the Arbitrary Award (November 22, 1920), which established the legal state boundary between Armenia and Turkey.

The subject of this article is the problem of the origin and development of Zemstvo liberal movement in Russia, the causes and the main stages of its formation. The aim of the study is to study the formation and development of the liberal opposition Zemstvo movement in the post-reform period, the formation of political requirements and organizational design Zemstvo liberals, which resulted in the creation of political parties. The author of the article used the historical method of research, which allows to establish the cause-and-effect relationship of the process. As a result, the author came to the following conclusion: the Zemstvo liberal movement became a logical continuation of the traditions of Russian liberalism of the previous period of development of Russian socio-political thought, the formation of which was influenced by the idea of Western European constitutionalism. The main political demands of the Zemstvo liberal movement in Russia were: "freedom of speech and press, guarantees of the individual and the convening of the constituent Assembly." The Zemstvo liberal movement saw the realization of these ideas on the way of reforms from above. Therefore, the main form of their protest movement was written appeals (addresses) of Zemstvo self-government bodies to the authorities with a statement of their political wishes. To achieve their political goals Zemstvo liberals made repeated attempts to formalize their movement, which resulted in the creation of political parties in the early twentieth century. The political program of the Russian liberal movement had a significant impact on the evolution of the political system of Russia during the revolution of 1905-1907. and it was reflected in the Main state laws of the Russian Empire on April 23, 1096.

Modern surfaces don't need a decor, but new requirements are imposed to them in exchange, such as technological effectiveness, textures, visual expressiveness. Today the image of flower motive changes according to the requirements of time and evolves from graphic pattern to pattern element.

Biofeedback is a technology of diagnosing physiological processes in real time, during which the patient receives information about the state of his own physiological parameters and conducts its self-regulation in the feedback mode organized with the help of microprocessor technology. In sports cardiology, biofeedback mostly stays in demand, aimed at cardiorespiratory synchronization of heart rate variability. The aim of the study – to create an original correcting method of heart rate variability with the use of biofeedback in athletes training for endurance. The study included 61 people (men aged 20-34 years without diseases of the cardiovascular system). The main group (n = 36) was made up of athletes who predominantly train for endurance. Initially for 30 minutes after training all athletes conducted a study of heart rate variability (HRV) according to a standard procedure. Next, by the method of random numbers athletes were divided into three equal groups (12 people each). Group 1 (main) received cardiothoracic sessions. Cardiorespiratory training was conducted daily. The course consisted of 5 sessions, each of which included 8-12 samples of 120 s each. Statistical processing of the obtained data using a single-factor dispersion analysis did not reveal significant differences in the parameters of the athletes of the study groups. It was found that the total heart rate variability after cardiorespiratory training sessions increased by an average of 33.5 ms (or 69.5% of the baseline, p = 0.002). When analyzing the HRV indices in athletes after watching motivational videos and in the athletes of the comparison group, statistically significant differences were not revealed. Thus, it was the original method of biological feedback that had a significant corrective effect on the indices of heart rate variability in athletes training for endurance.

The opportunities of general education organizations in the formation of a youth "Arctic brotherhood" are considered in the work. Researchers came to the conclusion that it would be the right decision to hold regular All-Russian Arctic Conference of Schoolchildren and Students on issues of functional competence and educational continuity.

Controlled knowledge and skills are the subject of consideration. In order to find a universal method of evaluation, elements of formative assessment, assessment using a skill test, and an open type task as a component of the student's overall learning system were analyzed on the basis of Russian language lessons. As a result, several tasks were formulated for formative evaluation, test, open-type tasks and criteria were developed. Such system of work can be used in school in Russian language lessons.

The relevance of this study is based on the fact that there is a gradual transition in the public consciousness, from understanding social purpose of school in the simple transfer of knowledge and skills from teacher directly to student, to a new understanding of the school`s function. The priority goal of school education in recent years is the development of students' ability to independently set an educational goal, design the way of its implementation, monitor and evaluate their success. In other words, the main goal of the general educational school establishment is the formation of the ability to learn. The student must become an «architect and builder» of his own educational process.

The article reveals the concept of public youth diplomacy. The importance of public youth diplomacy in creating a positive image of Russia and in the development of creative, communicative and leadership qualities of Russian youth is also analyzed in the work.

Specifics of actions on state target programs and projects monitoring as managerial tool are considered in article. Its difference from assessment of their quality comes to light, the role and the need of relation measurement of target audience to the held events is emphasized.

Article is devoted to the analysis of approaches to an efficiency evaluation of actions in the sphere of patriotic education, the possible structure of factors (indicators) of quantitative and high-quality nature of a separate action is offered, classification of types of actions and further steps of general system development of quality standard is planned.

The article considers models of risk assessment that can be applied to cargo transportation, for forecasting possible damage in the form of financial and material costs in order to reduce the percentage of probability of their occurrence. The analysis of risk by the method «Criterion. Event. Rule" is represented. This method is based on the collection of information by various methods, assigning an assessment to the identified risks, ranking and formulating a report on the analysis. It can be carried out as a fully manual mechanical method of information collecting and performing calculations or can be brought to an automated level from data collection to the delivery of finished results (but in this case some nuances that could significantly influence the outcome of the analysis can be ignored). The expert method is of particular importance, since it relies directly on human experience. In this case, a special role is played by the human factor. The collection of information and the assigned assessments to risk groups depend on the extent to which experts agree on this issue. The smaller the fluctuations in the values ​​of the estimates of the experts, the more accurate and optimal the results will be.

Options of JSON format using to apply it to integrate with third-party applications is discussed in the article. It is offered to use automated systems on platform 1C Enterprise in a parallel mode.

Speech etiquette as the main component of cross-cultural communication is studied by the authors, most common speech norms used in communication for the beginning of the conversation and during the conversation in the foreign language are analyzed. The authors compare the rules of verbal behaviour in the English and German languages, identify the rules of verbal behaviour which help to get communicative aim.

The article is devoted to the study of precedent name in Russian-language media texts on the example of the story of M.A. Bulgakov "A Dog's Heart." The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation features of the precedent name Professor Preobrazhensky in the Russian-language media discourse. The study was conducted on the basis of journalistic texts of the National Corps of the Russian language. In classification and generalization of the material, the following methods were used: descriptive, lexicographical, interpretative, methods of component and contextual analysis, method of controlled selection. An analysis of practical material showed that the authors of journalistic texts resort to the use of precedent names in order to create a figurative characterization of a particular person or a description of a specific situation. Appeal to the personality of Professor Preobrazhensky helps the journalist influence emotionally the addressee and stimulates the reader to use his own erudition and background knowledge.

The article is devoted to the study of social networks impact on an individual, which are an important part of a modern society. Through reflections the reasons of the popularity of the phenomenon of virtual communication in the 21st century are determined: what drives a person when he / she registers on the sites for communication, premises for his / her actions and consequences. The latter is viewed from both a social and a personal point of view. After analyzing the charts of social networks popularity, the authors come to the conclusion that there is an increase in the population of the virtual communication supporters. It allows to assert that the problem of the termination of live communication is relevant to this day. Dualism of social networks influence on the consciousness of an individual is stated: together with negative consequences positive aspects are considered. By analyzing social media researches, as well as by the means of a survey, the dominant reason for the world wide web entering is identified. After that, it is clearly shown what a typical site for communication is; as a result, the pros and cons of such time spending are specified. The conclusion states the predominance of the Internet dependence over the other types of dependencies, also forecasts are made for the future of both social networks and the people caught in their web.

Present article is devoted to the consideration of philosophical aspects of suicide causes. The suicide problem is one of the most urgent problems of the modern world. Attention is drawn to different points of view regarding this problem. As an example, the thoughts and arguments of philosophers of different times are given. Having considered the views on this problem, the authors cite the relationship between the causes of suicide and the social phenomena of society. Particular attention is paid to the causes of teenage suicide, as well as the impact of social networks on the worldview of adolescents. The basic prerequisites of suicide are defined: alcoholism, drug addiction, depression. The article calls everyone to think over the meaning of life and over their life guides. The authors propose in the conclusion their own way of solving this problem.

An analysis of the biomorphological composition and structure of the phytocoenoses of trial plots of the river Zuya, which reflects the typical features of the meadows texture, is represented in the work. Changes identification in the structure and biomorphological features of plant communities in a comparative aspect make it possible to predict the changes occurring in phytocenoses and can also serve as a basis for their further multi-year monitoring.

The article is devoted to the digital economy and its place in the Russian Federation. The main directions of digital economy development are defined. Possible positive effects are highlighted. The results of the analysis can be useful in assessing the importance of the digital economy for the country.

The article analyzes the position of Russia in «The Global Competitiveness Index 2016–2017» in detail according to the components of innovative development. The capacity for innovation of Russian companies is estimated on the basis of statistics. The process of innovative infrastructure building in the constituent territories of the RF is examined. The core measures of state support for the innovative development of the country are characterized.

In the article various approaches to the definition of the concept of «lawmaking» are considered, the opinion of a number of large researchers of this issue is analyzed and the author's definition of the term is given. Despite the long-term discussion that continues in t broad scientific circles, a unified approach to the definition of the concept of «lawmaking» has not been worked out. This obvious legal gap creates confusion in the definition of the concepts of «law-making», «law-making», «legislative activity» and a number of others. This situation is unacceptable, which is evidence of the relevance of the issue under study.