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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a widespread, severe neurobiological disorder that occurs in childhood and adolescence and has a negative impact on social functioning in adulthood. Currently, there are several strategies for the treatment of ADHD including pharmacotherapy and psychotherapeutic interventions. Due to the expansion of the range of available drugs, for practical doctors to choose the tactics of therapy and to set priorities in the treatment process becomes more challenging. The aim of this review is to systematize the evidence-based literature on the treatment of ADHD, based on the principles of evidence-based medicine. The review considers the main mechanisms of action of the drugs used, the role of non-drug methods of treatment, as well as drugs that are not widely used. The most relevant treatment approaches, which have been proven to be effective and safe, are discussed.